Simulating Groundwater Potential Zones in Mountainous Indian Himalayas—A Case Study of Himachal Pradesh

Groundwater resources are increasingly important as the main supply of fresh water for household, industrial, and agricultural activities. However, overuse depletion these can lead to scarcity resource deterioration. Therefore, assessing groundwater availability is essential sustainable management. This study aims identify potential zones in Bilaspur district Himachal Pradesh using Multi Influencing Factor (MIF) technique, a modern decision-making method widely used various sectors. Geospatial models were integrated with MIF technique evaluate prospective areas. Grid layouts all underground influencing variables given predetermined score weight this strategy. The areas then statistically assessed graded data maps slope, lithology, land-use, lineament, aspect, elevation, soil, drainage, geomorphology, rainfall. These converted into raster converter tool ArcGIS software, utilizing Survey India toposheets, SRTM DEM data, Resourcesat-2A satellite imageries. obtained classified five categories: nil–very low, covering 0.34% total area; very low–low (51.64%); low–moderate (4.92%); moderate–high (18%) high–very high (25%). Scholars policymakers collaborate develop systematic exploration plans future developments implement preservative protective strategies by identifying recharge reduce levels. provides valuable insights long-term planning management region.